Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
What causes LGV?
The bacteria that cause LGV are rare types of chlamydia.
How is LGV spread?
LGV is spread through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sexual contact, especially is there is trauma to the skin or mucous membranes. It can also be spread via sharing of sex toys between partners.
What are the symptoms of LGV?
- Around three to 30 days after exposure, a small painless lump or sore appears on or in the penis, rectum, vagina, cervix or mouth. The initial lesion heals after a few days and most people are not aware of it
- Over the next two to six weeks, the infection spreads to the local lymph glands usually in the groin or inside the pelvis. People may also have fever, chills, weight loss, feel generally unwell or have sore muscles and joints. Where the infection is around the rectum, there can be a discharge of blood, pus or mucus from the anus, a painful urgent feeling of needing to pass a bowel motion but being unable to do so, diarrhoea or constipation, and lower abdominal pain
- In the final stages, the infection can cause widespread scarring and deformity in the affected area
- Rarely, LGV can infect the brain and its lining and can also infect the liver
How do you get tested for LGV?
Your doctor can perform a blood test. Samples of fluid are also needed from the swollen lymph glands or swabs from rectal lesions to confirm the diagnosis.
What is the treatment for LGV?
Antibiotics are effective in treating the LGV infection. Painful swollen lymph nodes may need to be drained using a needle. Sometimes surgery is required in later stages of the disease.
How can you minimise the risk of contracting LGV?
- Use condoms or other barrier methods for oral, vaginal and anal sex. A water-based lubricant should also be used
- Avoid sex with people who have a new genital lump or sore
- Avoid skin contact with any abnormal discharge from the groin or anus
- Sex partners should not share sex toys, or toys should be washed and protected with a condom between partners
- Regular sexual health checks are important and people at risk should see their GP or sexual health clinic if they have symptoms
