Download a factsheet on thrush (PDF 55 KB)

What causes thrush? An overgrowth of a fungus (candida albicans), which lives naturally in the bowel and the vagina.

How is thrush spread? Thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection, but is often linked to sexual activity.

Symptoms: Symptoms of thrush vary, but can include:

Females:		Males:
white and cheesy-looking discharge, frequently thick with a yeasty smell stinging pain when passing urine pain or discomfort during sex itchy and swollen genitals.		red spots or a rash on the penis, scrotum or groin

How do you get tested for thrush? Usually by a physical examination and/or swabs.

What is the treatment for thrush? Treatment can include:

• usually vaginal cream or pessaries (dissolving tablets you put into the vagina)
• complete the treatment even if a period occurs while still using the tablets or cream and avoid tampons during treatment
• natural yoghurt may soothe the area but does not treat the infection
• if you often get thrush, see a doctor as you may have other health problems or a drug-resistant type of candida
• your sexual partners may need treatment to prevent reinfection.

How can you minimise the risk of getting thrush?

• wear cotton underwear and avoid tight trousers and nylon tights
• always wash your hands after you have been to the toilet and before touching the vaginal area
• always wipe yourself from front to back after going to the toilet.
• do not have vaginal sex straight after anal sex, wash thoroughly after anal sex, and use a new condom before vaginal sex
• wash the genital area with water only as soaps can affect the natural acidity of the body, and after washing gently wipe the area dry
• avoid soaps or sprays in the genital area as they can cause irritation
• thrush can be passed on by having sex so always use condoms when having sex.